Neodymium-doped yttrium vanadate (Nd:YVO₄) crystal is a laser crystal with excellent performance. Here are some of its specific optical parameters: 

Absorption characteristics: The pumping bandwidth around 808 nm is about five times that of Nd:YAG. It has a relatively high absorption coefficient for pumping light and a wide LD pumping absorption band. 

Stimulated emission cross-section: The stimulated emission cross-section at 1064 nm is three times that of Nd:YAG, featuring a large stimulated emission cross-section. 

Emission characteristics: There are mainly three main emission lines. By using it in combination with nonlinear optical crystals (such as LBO crystals, BBO crystals, KTP crystals, etc.), frequency doubling can be achieved to generate red, green, and blue light. The main emission wavelength is 1064 nm (near-infrared band). 

Polarization characteristics: It belongs to a tetragonal crystal and is a uniaxial crystal system, with linearly polarized light output. 

Optical uniformity: It has a high birefringence. 

Optical damage threshold: It has a low optical damage threshold.

Transmission band: Referring to the yttrium vanadate (YVO₄) crystal, its transparent band ranges from 0.4 to 5 μm. 

Refractive index: Referring to the yttrium vanadate (YVO₄) crystal, the birefringence (Δn = ne - n₀). At 0.63 μm, n₀ = 1.9929, ne = 2.2154, and Δn = 0.2225; at 1.30 μm, n₀ = 1.9500, ne = 2.1554, and Δn = 0.2054; at 1.55 μm, n₀ = 1.9447, ne = 2.1486, and Δn = 0.2039. The Sellmeier equations (where λ is in μm) are: n₀² = 3.7783 + 0.0697/(λ² - 0.0472) - 0.0108λ²; ne² = 4.5991 + 0.1105/(λ² - 0.0481) - 0.0123λ². 

Thermo-optic coefficient: Referring to the yttrium vanadate (YVO₄) crystal, dna/dT = 8.5×10⁻⁶ /K; dnc/dT = 3.0×10⁻⁶ /K.